【二轮复习·语法填空】考点四:代词(配课件下载)
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真题再练
1. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·70)Data about the moon's composition could help China decide whether ___its___ (it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
修饰空后的名词plans作定语, 应用形容词性物主代词。
2. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·70) If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as othersports, so perhaps we should all give ___it/running__ a try.
作间接宾语用代词,代替前文的running,用it。当然直接填running也可以。
3. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·68) When the gorillasand I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___them___ (they) alive.
作动词find的宾语要用宾格,故填them。
4. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·67) However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using __it__ everyday.
指代前句中的the railway。
5. (2016全国Ⅰ卷·68)On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejectedby ___its___ (it) mother.
在名词前作定语,表示“a livelythree-month-old twin的”妈妈,故用its。
6. (2014全国II卷·49) Then the driver stood up and asked, “Did anyone lose asuitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! It’s ____mine/me______ (I).” She pushed her way to thedriver and took the suitcase thankfully.
句中It可能是替代my suitcase,意为 “那是我的箱子”, 故填mine; 也可能是代替anyone, 意为“丢东西的人是我”,故填me。
思路点拨
1. 当括号中所给词是人称代词时,可能是填以下形式:
(1) 宾格形式:在句中作宾语或表语。如[真题再练]第3、6题。
(2) 形容词性物主代词:在名词前作定语。如[真题再练]第1、5题。
(3) 名词性物主代词:作主语、宾语或表语。如[真题再练]第6题。
(4) 也可能是反身代词。
2. 在纯空格题中:
(1)句子缺宾语时,到目前为止,高考只要求考生填it,即“宾语位置填it”。如[真题再练]第2题和第4题。
以下两点到目前为止全国卷暂未考过。尽管今后考查的可能性也不大, 但还是建议考生了解:
(2)句子缺主语时,可能填:① 人称代词主格;② 不定代词; ③ it, 包括用作形式主语的it, 替代后面作真正主语的不定式、动名词或从句。如:
Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk,but after some minutes ____they___ walked away and sat near me,looking annoyed.
解析:因but后的并列句中缺主语,故应填代词;根据语境,不难推出走开坐到“我”附近的应是他后面的那些人,即otherpeople,指人,是复数,且作主语,应当填they。
因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词,而在语法填空的纯空格题中一般是不要求考生填名词的,所以只要句子缺主语或宾语,就该填代词。此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。
(3) 空格后是名词,即名词前需要填限定词时,可能是填不定代词。如:
The young man went home with a happy heart. After the studentleft, the teacher let ___another__ studenttaste the water.
解析:空格后是名词student,且为单数,作let的宾语,故应填限定词;由句意“在送水的这个学生走了之后,这位老师让他的另外一个学生尝一尝”可知填another。
考点归纳
1.人称代词主格有I, you, he, she, it, we, you,they等,在句中只能作主语用。一般在纯空格题中考查。
2.人称代词宾格有me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them等,在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
3.形容词性物主代词有my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their等,在句中只能作定语。
4.名词性物主代词有mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs等,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
5.反身代词有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves,yourselves, themselves等,在句中作宾语,或者主语或宾语的同位语。
6.it可以指代前面提到的物,或猜测中不确定的人,或指时间、距离、环境、天气等,还可作形式主语或形式宾语,或用于强调结构。
考点练透
1. After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found myaudience applauding—I made __it__! From then on, my fear of talking before anaudience disappeared.
固定搭配make it意为“获得成功”。
2. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and thenrelax __them__ (they).
替代前文的muscles,在句中作宾语,故填them。
3. The students returned to school with a sense ofachievement, a feeling that ___they__ helped people in need.
因that引导的同位语从句中缺主语,故填they,替代the students。
4.The boy you saw was ___you___ image. This should teach you animportant lesson, my son.
本句指你看到的那个男孩是你的影子,故填your。
5. Finally I found that she was trying to ask me whether Ihad an extra pen. She showed me that __hers__ (her) was out of ink and would notwrite.
宾语从句缺主语,故用名词性物主代词hers,指代“她的钢笔”。
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